Impairment of endothelial function by cigarette smoke and e-cigarette aerosol requires RAGE

Introduction: Although e-cigarette is known to cause detrimental physiological alterations in the cardiovascular system, the molecular mechanism of e-cigarette-induced vascular impairment is relatively unexplored. We investigated whether the inhibition of RAGE prevents impairment of vasomotor function from acute and chronic e-cigarette exposure. 
Hypothesis: RAGE is required to cause e-cigarette-induced impairment of endothelial vasodilation.
Methods: In both exposure settings, anaesthetized rats (n=8/group) were exposed to aerosols from flavorless tank-style e-cigarettes with and without freebase nicotine (12 mg/mL) or air. For acute exposure, exposure was done in a singles session of 10 cycles of pulsatile 5s exposure over 5 minutes using a Gram REsearch analytical vaping machine drawing 55ml. All rats received RAGEi or DMSO i.p. 1h pre-exposure. FMD was measured pre-exposure and 10 minutes after the end of the exposure. For sub-acute exposure, the exposure consisted of a single sessi..., For femoral artery diameter data, raw ultrasound data were collected by a Vevo 3100LT micro-ultrasound system (VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, Canada). Ultrasound images were processed and femoral artery diameter was measured by an automated system (Brachial Analyzer, Medical Imaging Applications, Coralville, IA). 
For cardiac function data, raw echocardiograms was collected by a Vevo 3100LT micro-ultrasound system (VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, Canada) and echocardiographic parameters were measured by a VevoLab software (VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, Canada). , Brachial Analyzer (Medical Imaging Applications, Coralville, IA) and VevoLab software are required to open the data files. See Methods above for details.Â