ND-GAIN Index: Natural capital dependency

Based on the World Bank’s Natural Capital Accounting project. This indicator of the strength of the dependency of social systems on ecosystem goods and services is based on the deployment of natural capital in national accounting, including national income and savings in the form of all assets and capital goods that are inputs to economic well-being (The World Bank, 2011). The natural capital related to ecosystem services includes: crop, pasture, forest (timber), forest (non-timber) and protected areas. Sub-surface capital such as oil, gas and mineral reserves are not included.