Common commercially available parasiticides do not cause fatal changes in the microbiome of the dung beetle <i>Onthophagus binodis</i>–a pilot study

Dung beetles perform vital ecosystem functions, but their survival is threatened by parasiticide use in veterinary practices. Currently, it's unclear if parasiticides directly harm dung beetles or cause damage via secondary effects on crucial microbiome components. We investigated the impact of three commercial parasiticides (P1–levamisole and oxfendazole; P2–abamectin, levamisole and oxfendazole; P3–moxidectin) on <i>Onthophagus binodis</i> dung beetle gut and exoskeleton microbiomes. Dung beetles were subjected to parasiticides mixed with fresh dung for 14 days, and we used 16S rRNA genes to detect bacterial diversity changes. The tested parasiticides didn't alter dung beetle gut communities, but slightly affected the exoskeleton microbiota composition. No mortality difference was observed. <i>Onthophagus binodis</i> microbiomes are mainly diet-influenced, and their exoskeleton is more adaptable than their gut. Our study suggests that adjustable dung beetle microbiomes aren't susceptible to parasiticides due to their innate resilience.蜣螂发挥着至关重要的生态系统功能，但其生存正受到兽医临床中驱虫剂（parasiticide）使用的威胁。目前尚不明确驱虫剂是直接对蜣螂造成损害，还是通过影响其关键微生物组（microbiome）组分引发间接损伤。本研究针对三种商业驱虫剂——P1（左旋咪唑与奥芬达唑）、P2（阿维菌素、左旋咪唑与奥芬达唑）、P3（莫西菌素）——对双齿嗡蜣螂（Onthophagus binodis）肠道与外骨骼微生物组的影响开展了探究。实验将蜣螂暴露于混合新鲜粪便的驱虫剂环境中14天，通过16S rRNA基因技术检测细菌多样性的变化。结果显示，受试驱虫剂未显著改变蜣螂肠道菌群结构，但对其外骨骼微生物群的组成产生了轻微影响，且未观测到死亡率差异。双齿嗡蜣螂的微生物组主要受饮食因素调控，其外骨骼微生物群的适应性强于肠道微生物群。本研究表明，得益于自身固有的抗逆性，具有可调节性的蜣螂微生物组不会受到驱虫剂的影响。