Daily flood discharge dataset for 10 basins in the Third Pole during 1981‒2100

This dataset describes the daily discharge during each river flood event in the 10 Third Pole basins (Indus, Yamuna, Upper Ganges, MahaKali, Karnali, Gandaki, Koshi, Brahmaputra, Salween, and Mekong) in the historical (1981‒2020) and future (2021‒2100). This was achieved using a hybrid model encompassing a validated physical model (Water and Energy Budget-based Distributed Hydrological Model, WEB-DHM) and deep-learning model (Long Short-Term Memory model, LSTM) with the latest climate projections.

River flood events are defined using both the annual-maximum approach and peak-over-threshold (POT) approach. Details for identification of the annual-maximum and POT flood events are described in the file “readme.txt”. Future data was generated based on the climate projections from five climate models (GFDL-ESM4, IPSL-CM6A-LR, MPI-ESM1-2-HR, MRI-ESM2-0, and UKESM1-0-LL) in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) under two shared socio-economic pathway scenarios (SSP) (a high-emission scenario of SSP585 and a low-emission scenario of SSP245). The unit of discharge is m3/s.