Table 1_Replicating the real-world evidence methods available in human health to assess burden and outcomes for dogs with chronic kidney disease, their owners, and the veterinary healthcare system in the United States of America.docx

IntroductionChronic kidney disease (CKD) in canines is a progressive condition characterized by a gradual decline in kidney function. There are significant gaps in understanding how CKD is managed in canines and the full extent of its impact. This study aimed to characterize disease management of CKD and its impact on dogs, their owners and the veterinary healthcare system in the United States of America (United States).
MethodsData were drawn from the Adelphi Real World Canine CKD Disease Specific Programme™, a cross-sectional survey of veterinarians, pet owners and their dogs with CKD in the United States from December 2022 to January 2024. Veterinarians reported demographic, diagnostic, treatment, and healthcare utilization data, for dogs with CKD. Owners voluntarily completed questionnaires, providing data about their dog, as well as quality of life and work-related burden using the Dog Owners Quality of Life, and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaires. Analyses were descriptive and Cohen’s Kappa was used to measure agreement between owners and veterinarians.
ResultsA total of 117 veterinarians provided data for 308 dogs, of which 68 owners also reported information. Discrepancies in recognizing symptoms of CKD in dogs, particularly excessive water consumption and urination, were identified between veterinary professionals and owners. Interventions for managing CKD in dogs focused on controlling symptoms and supporting kidney function through dietary modifications and medication. Owners of dogs with CKD reported minimal impact to overall work and activity impairment (10 and 14%, respectively). At diagnosis, 78.6% of dogs were International Renal Interest Society Stage I-II, and 21.5% were Stage III-IV. Regardless of CKD stage, owners strongly agreed that ownership provided them with emotional support and companionship. Regarding veterinary healthcare utilization, 95% of dogs were seen in general veterinary practices.
DiscussionThese findings emphasize the value of real-world evidence in enhancing our understanding of CKD in companion animals and informs future strategy for the real-world diagnosis and treatment of CKD. The results also provide insights to the potential burden experienced by owners of dogs with CKD.