Average daily energy expenditure on activity for two captive Whooping Cranes (one male, one female) during a four-day period over which energy expenditure was measured using the doubly-labeled water technique.

Energy expenditures are expressed as multiples of basal metabolic rate (BMR). Energy expenditures during active hours were calculated from time budgets observed during daylight hours (sunrise to sunset) on each day of the study. The five daily values for each individual were used as model input, with cranes modeled as diurnal and crepuscular (i.e. active while there is solar radiation in their location), and assuming a value of 1xBMR during hours without solar radiation (nine hours per night). Energy expenditures including rest (night) hours are shown for reference only (not model input) and were calculated assuming a metabolic rate of 1x BMR during a nine-hour rest period. The nine-hour rest period is consistent with observed rest times based on photographs taken overnight by a trail camera in the crane enclosure.
Average daily energy expenditure on activity for two captive Whooping Cranes (one male, one female) during a four-day period over which energy expenditure was measured using the doubly-labeled water technique.