黑河流域绿洲荒漠区域水热碳观测数据集（2012-2021）

绿洲和沙漠通常是干旱/半干旱地区的景观基质和马赛克。绿洲是干旱半干旱地区特有的生态景观，是其生态环境的核心，也是其经济发展的基础，尤其是在中国西部，自古以来就是“丝绸之路”的重要组成部分。绿洲沙漠地区下垫面的特殊性，如灌溉农田、河岸林、沙质植被、季节性雪和冻土，使得陆地-大气相互作用的研究变得复杂，需要在这种异质性下垫面中进行综合考虑。黑河流域（HRB）是我国第二大内陆流域，其特点是中下游分别为人工绿洲和天然绿洲。我们提供了一套人工和天然绿洲沙漠系统的观测数据集，其中包括2012年至2021年的长期能源、水蒸气、碳/甲烷通量以及涉及水文气象、植被和土壤参数的辅助数据。半小时湍流通量数据是通过涡流协方差系统和闪烁仪获得的。从10分钟平均周期的自动气象站观测了水文气象数据，包括辐射、土壤热通量和土壤温度剖面、气温/湿度梯度和风速/风向、气压、降水和土壤湿度剖面，以及地下水位数据。此外，数据集中还补充了植被和土壤参数。最新的数据集已发布给科学家，有望定量了解绿洲-沙漠地区的能源、水蒸气和碳交换，这对于认识绿洲-沙漠的相互作用至关重要，对保护绿洲的生态稳定和社会经济发展具有重要意义，长期观测是必不可少的。

Oases and deserts generally constitute the landscape matrix and mosaic in arid and semi-arid regions. Oases are unique ecological landscapes exclusive to arid and semi-arid regions, serving as the core of their local ecological environment and the foundation for regional economic development, particularly in western China, where they have constituted an important component of the ancient "Silk Road" since antiquity. The unique characteristics of the underlying surface in oasis-desert regions—including irrigated farmland, riparian forests, sandy vegetation, seasonal snow cover and permafrost—complicate research on land-atmosphere interactions, necessitating comprehensive considerations of such heterogeneous underlying surfaces. The Heihe River Basin (HRB) is the second largest inland river basin in China, with artificial oases and natural oases distributed in its middle and lower reaches, respectively. Here we present an observational dataset for artificial and natural oasis-desert systems, encompassing long-term records of energy, water vapor, carbon/methane fluxes spanning 2012 to 2021, alongside auxiliary data covering hydrometeorological, vegetation and soil parameters. Half-hourly turbulent flux data were acquired using eddy covariance systems and scintillometers. Hydrometeorological data were measured via 10-minute averaged automatic weather stations, including radiation, soil heat flux and soil temperature profiles, air temperature/humidity gradients, wind speed and direction, atmospheric pressure, precipitation and soil moisture profiles, as well as groundwater level data. In addition, vegetation and soil parameters are supplemented within this dataset. The updated dataset has been publicly released to the global scientific community, and is expected to enable quantitative insights into energy, water vapor and carbon exchanges in oasis-desert regions. Such insights are critical for advancing understanding of oasis-desert interactions, and hold profound significance for safeguarding the ecological stability of oases and facilitating socio-economic development. Long-term in-situ observations are thus indispensable.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是黑河流域绿洲和荒漠区域2012年至2021年的长期观测数据，涵盖能源、水蒸气、碳/甲烷通量以及水文气象、植被和土壤参数，通过涡流协方差系统等仪器获取，时间分辨率为小时。数据集旨在支持绿洲-沙漠相互作用研究，对生态稳定和社会经济发展具有重要意义，并以开放获取方式共享，数据大小为1.13 GB。