Single-cell landscape analysis reveals distinct regression trajectories and novel prognostic biomarkers in primary neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial malignant solid tumor in children, and its clinical manifestations and prognosis vary greatly. NB has a unique ability to spontaneously differentiate and regress, which provides potential directions for therapeutic interventions. To investigate the heterogeneity of tumors, we performed single-cell transcriptome sequencing on 19 tumor samples and 3 adrenal tissue samples, including 2 cases of familial neuroblastoma. Overall design: we performed scRNA-seq on different stages of NB and peri-tumoral adrenal gland (AG) to investigate the developmental trajectory for spontaneous regression of NB and explore the potential value of the immune infiltrating cells. The study population consisted of 22 samples. Among them, 11 samples were NBL (high malignancy; groups 1-4), including three stage IV without MYCN amplification (group 1), two stage IV with MYCN amplification (group 2), three stage IVS (group 3), and three stage I/II (group 4); three samples were GN (benign; group5); and three samples were GNB (intermediate malignancy.group 6). Three AG samples comprising group 7 served as the control group. and F2 are two cases of family neuroblastoma