Coastal Sea Level Data from Tide Gauge and GNSS-IR at the Onsala Space Observatory, Sweden (June 2024–July 2025)

This dataset contains all processed results supporting the manuscript
“Continuous Coastal Absolute Sea Level Measurement from GNSS-IR: A Potential Tool for Satellite Altimetry Validation”, submitted to Remote Sensing of Environment.
In the 1st version, part of the tide gauge data was missing.

It includes one year of continuous coastal observations from the Onsala Space Observatory (OSO) in Sweden, covering the period June 2024–July 2025. The dataset integrates multiple geodetic, oceanographic, and meteorological sources used to evaluate the capability of GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR) for absolute sea level monitoring.

Contents

GNSS-IR sea level: Raw and 15-minute averaged sea surface height time series derived from a horizon-pointing antenna (ONRA) and a zenith-pointing antenna (OSOU), processed using multi-GNSS RINEX data.

Tide gauge sea level: 1-minute sea level observations from the co-located OSO tide gauge, referenced to RH2000 height datum.

GNSS positioning: Daily coordinate time series of ONRA, ONRB and eight nearby SWEPOS stations, processed in PPP mode to characterize local land motion and establish the absolute reference frame.

Weather data: 1-minute atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, and wind speed data from the OSO meteorological station, used for tropospheric delay modeling and environmental context.

SWOT altimetry: Extracted sea surface height (SSH) data from the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite within 100 km of OSO, used for cross-validation with GNSS-IR and tide gauge records.

Solid Earth displacements: Modeled vertical displacements due to solid Earth tides, ocean tidal loading, and pole tides, applied for reference frame consistency.

Surveying and leveling measurements: Total-station and geometric leveling observations that link the GNSS antenna reference points, tide-gauge benchmark, and local reference markers to the RH2000 vertical datum. These measurements define the geometric relationships necessary for absolute sea-level determination.

Temporal coverage: June 2024 – July 2025
Temporal resolution: 1 minute, 15 minutes or 1 day, depending on data type
Spatial coverage: Onsala Space Observatory, west coast of Sweden (57.395° N, 11.915° E)

Purpose and usage:
This dataset supports the quantitative analysis, validation, and visualization presented in the manuscript. It enables replication of the figures and tables, and provides a reference for future studies on GNSS-IR-based coastal sea level monitoring, satellite altimetry validation, and regional vertical land motion at OSO.