All semiconductor based systems for atomic cooling experiments in space

Quantum atomic sensors based on atom interferometry (AI) [1]has recently led to the development of new techniques for themeasurement of inertial forces, finding important applicationsin both fundamental physics and applied research [2, 3]. Asthese types of sensors have begun to mature, they have receivedincreasing interest for deployment in the field and even in space.This is reflected, for example, by NASA’s recent cold atom laboratory (CAL) experiments on board the International SpaceStation (ISS) [4], the U.S. National Quantum Initiative, the European Quantum Technologies Flagship Initiative and the UKNational Quantum Technologies Program, among others.A typical atom interferometer system requires vastly differentlaser frequencies at different stages of operation[5], and a multitude of different optical components such as optical switches,acousto-optics modulators and optical amplifiers to achieve optical trap and cooling as well as beam transport. Therefore, therehas been significant effort in the past in reducing the size andcomplexity of the system for applications in size, weight, andpower (SWaP) challenging environments such as space [6–11].Here, we report on a design and assembly of a low-SWaP allsemiconductor-based laser and optical system (LOS) suitable foroperating an AI system for potential space applications.Taking advantage of the recent advances in semiconductorlasers and optoelectronic component technologies[12], we report on design and assembly of a low-SWaP, as well as reliablesemiconductor-based laser and optical system (LOS) includingmuch of the supporting electronics with an emphasis towardsspace qualification considerations. To achieve this, the candidatesystem and its subsystems must operate maintenance-free overthe mission’s lifespan (often years or even decades) and withstand the environmental impacts of launch and space operation.