In law, there are formal rules to prevent conflicts of interest, nepotism, cronyism and patronage in all branches of government.

In law, there are formal rules to prevent conflicts of interest, nepotism, cronyism and patronage in all branches of government. A YES score is earned where at least two of the following three conditions are met: 1) the law prohibits conflicts of interest, nepotism, cronyism, and patronage (at least two of these offenses must be prohibited), 2) the law applies to all branches of government, including the civil service, and 3) it mandates mechanisms such as competitive recruitment and promotion procedures, safeguards against arbitrary disciplinary actions and dismissal, and recusal procedures. A NO score is earned where no such law exist. It also scores NO if only one of the three conditions described in YES is met. For variable descriptions, please refer to: https://www.africaintegrityindicators.org/data. For the methodology, please refer to: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5e971d408be44753edfb976c/t/60a55f343d36117866628867/1621450563745/AII10+-+Methodology.docx+%281%29.pdf.