LULC-1m: High-resolution land use and land cover data of 33 major Chinese cities based on remote sensing imagery

With the rapid advancement of urbanization, refined and comparable land use and land cover (LULC) data are of great significance for urban management, ecological assessment, and sustainable development research. This paper proposes and constructs a high-precision LULC dataset—LULC-1m—covering 33 major cities in China with a spatial resolution of 1 meter. Based on multi-source high-resolution remote sensing imagery, this dataset achieves refined identification of seven typical LULC types on urban surfaces through automated processing and deep learning semantic segmentation algorithms. This study systematically designs data processing workflows, semantic consistency control, and cross-regional generalization capabilities, significantly improving data consistency, accuracy, and applicability. LULC-1m provides crucial foundational data support for research on land space monitoring, carbon emission accounting, and environmental simulation at the urban agglomeration scale in China, and has broad prospects for scientific research and policy applications.