ELEA

The corpus was gathered with the aim of analyzing emergent leadership as a social phenomenon that occurs in newly formed groups. For each group in the corpus, the participants performed the winter survival task. The annotations of the corpus include self-reported and perceived personality, concepts related to leadership, participants’ performance in the survival task, and manual transcriptions from the recordings in English. The full corpus contains approximately 10 hours of audio and video. Audio recordings were gathered using the Microcone, a commercial microphone array, designed to record small discussion groups (up to 6 individuals) with audio sample rate of 16kHz (2). As shown in Figure 1, the Microcone was placed in the center of the discussion table to capture the interaction. The Microcone automatically segments speakers, and provides audio for prosodic cue extraction. The high quality audio recorded by the device, allows for automatic speech recognition as well. Subjects 102 participants. With this population, mixed teams were formed; 21 teams were four-person and 6 teams were three-person. Winter Survival Task The participants in the task were supposed to be survivors of an airplane crash in winter (56). They had 12 items that they had to rank in order of their importance, giving 1 to the item considered the most important to survive, 2 to the second most important, and so on. The task was performed first individually (5 min, not recorded) and then we asked them to come up with the group ranking while being recorded (15 min). The average length of the group discussions is 14.61 minutes, ranging from 8 to 19 minutes. Considering that not all the participants might be familiar with the items, we provided them with slides containing a picture and the definition of the item. The slides were consulted only during the individual ranking, to avoid the occlusion of the cameras during the group discussion. Annotations Self reported, Big Five personality traits. Personality Research Form (PRF), 16 true-false items scoring dominance personality trait. 17 statements that capture how they perceive each participant (including themselves). 16 of the statements (five-point scale), developed by Prof. Marianne Schmid Mast (University of Lausanne), the variables included in these statements are: perceived leadership (PLead: person gets involved, directs the group), perceived dominance (PDom: person is in a position of power, dominates), perceived competence (PCom: person is competent, is experienced) and perceived liking (PLike: person is kind, is friendly). Afterwards, participants provided a dominance ranking (RDom), i.e., participants were asked to rank the group, given 1 to the most dominant participant, and 3 or 4 for the less dominant, such that they have to include themselves in the ranking. Judgment from external observers We use the same questionnaire as filled by the participants, focusing only on leadership and dominance. For each meeting, we assigned two external observers, one male and one female, who watched the first five minutes of the meeting video and answered eight questions for each of the participants in the meeting. Reference When using this data for your research, please cite the following paper in your publication: D. Sanchez-Cortes, O. Aran, M. Schmid Mast, and D. Gatica-Perez. "A Nonverbal Behavior Approach to Identify Emergent Leaders in Small Groups", IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, Vol. 14, No. 3-2, Jun. 2012.

本语料库的采集旨在分析涌现式领导力（emergent leadership）这一发生于新组建群体中的社会现象。针对语料库中的每个群体，参与者均需完成冬季生存任务。

该语料库的标注内容涵盖自我报告型与感知型人格特质、与领导力相关的概念、参与者在生存任务中的表现，以及英文录音的人工转写文本。完整语料库包含总时长约10小时的音视频数据。

音频采集采用商用麦克风阵列Microcone，该设备专为录制最多6人规模的小型讨论小组设计，音频采样率为16kHz（参考文献2）。如图1所示，Microcone被放置于讨论桌的中心位置，以捕捉群体互动过程。该设备可自动区分说话者，并为韵律特征提取提供音频数据。设备采集的高质量音频同样支持自动语音识别任务。

本研究共纳入102名被试。基于该被试群体，研究人员组建了混合编队：其中21支为4人小组，6支为3人小组。

## 冬季生存任务
任务设定参与者为冬季飞机失事的幸存者（参考文献56）。参与者需对12项物品按生存优先级进行排序：将1分赋予被认为最利于生存的物品，2分赋予次重要物品，依此类推。任务流程为先完成个人排序环节（时长5分钟，不录音），随后要求小组共同完成集体排序，此环节全程录音（时长15分钟）。小组讨论的平均时长为14.61分钟，时长区间为8至19分钟。考虑到部分参与者可能不熟悉所列物品，研究人员为其提供了包含物品图片与定义的演示幻灯片。为避免小组讨论阶段遮挡摄像机，仅允许在个人排序环节查阅该幻灯片。

## 标注内容
1. 自我报告与感知评价
- 自我报告型大五人格特质（Big Five personality traits）
- 人格研究表（Personality Research Form, PRF）：包含16道正误题，用于评定支配型人格特质。
- 17条描述语句，用于收集参与者对每位成员（包括自身）的感知评价。其中16条语句采用五点量表（five-point scale）编制，由洛桑大学的Marianne Schmid Mast教授开发，该量表涵盖以下感知变量：感知领导力（perceived leadership, PLead：个体主动参与、引导群体）、感知支配性（perceived dominance, PDom：个体身居权力职位、支配他人）、感知能力（perceived competence, PCom：个体能力出众、经验丰富）以及感知好感度（perceived liking, PLike：个体友善亲和）。
- 随后，参与者需完成支配性排序（dominance ranking, RDom）：即要求参与者对本组所有成员进行排序，将1分赋予最具支配性的成员，剩余成员按支配性强弱分别赋予3分或4分，且必须将自身纳入排序范围。

2. 外部观察者评分
研究采用与参与者填写的相同问卷，仅聚焦于领导力与支配性两个维度。每场小组讨论均配备1男1女两名外部观察者，观察者仅观看讨论视频的前5分钟，并针对每位参与者回答8道相关问题。

## 参考文献
若将本数据集用于研究工作，请在发表成果中引用以下论文：D. Sanchez-Cortes、O. Aran、M. Schmid Mast与D. Gatica-Perez所著《面向小型群体涌现式领导力识别的非语言行为方法》，发表于《IEEE Transactions on Multimedia》2012年6月，第14卷第3-2期。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

ELEA数据集是一个专注于新形成群体中涌现领导力研究的社交现象数据集，包含102名参与者组成的27个小组在冬季生存任务中的互动记录，提供了约10小时的音频、视频及丰富的注释信息。