Anticancer Effects of Gamma- and Delta-Tocotrienols on Human Colorectal Cancer Cells: Elucidating the Mechanisms of Actions Using Cell-Based and in-Silico Approach

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a serious global health issue, causing around 700,000 deaths annually. This study explores the potential of tocotrienols (T3s)—natural compounds from palm and rice bran oils—as anticancer agents. Specifically, gamma (γT3) and delta (δT3) were tested on four CRC cell types. Results showed these T3s reduced cancer cell growth, triggered cell death (apoptosis), and altered cancer-related genes. δT3 showed slightly stronger effects. Computational models confirmed T3s interact with key cancer pathways. Overall, T3s hold promise as natural treatments for CRC, warranting further research.