Intestinal and vaginal microbiome sequencing of healthy human subjects receiving human milk oligosaccharides

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are critical for shaping the neonatal gut microbiome. To investigate whether HMOs would similarly modulate the adult gut microbiome, HMO-Concentrate product derived from pooled donor breast milk was administered orally to 32 healthy adults for 7 days followed by 21 days of monitoring. Fecal samples were collected at baseline, day 7 (end of treatment), day 14, and day 28 for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomics. Vaginal samples were collected from female subjects at baseline and day 7.