Pollinator diversity and host specificity in threatened Encephalartos cycads and their implications for co-extinction and species recovery

This study examines the diversity and host specificity of beetle pollinators associated with the African cycad genus Encephalartos. By combining extensive field surveys and existing records across southern and eastern Africa, the research investigates how host-related factors, including phylogenetic relatedness, cone volatile composition, cone colour, and phenology, influence pollinator assemblages. The study aims to evaluate the vulnerability of these highly specialised pollination systems to collapse and explore the potential for recovery through host shifts.