Mechanisms of pro-angiogenic factors in pannus formation in rheumatoid arthritis and interventions with traditional Chinese medicine

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease primarily characterized by chronic synovitis. The formation of pannus, a key pathological factor in the disease process, leads to the destruction of articular cartilage and bone. The main pathological feature of pannus formation is synovial angiogenesis, involving multiple pro-angiogenic factors. Numerous traditional Chinese medicines have demonstrated anti-pannus effects. This work reviews the mechanisms of pro-angiogenic factors in RA pannus formation and the latest research findings on traditional Chinese medicine interventions, aiming to provide references for targeted intervention and research on RA pannus formation, thereby offering new insights for the prevention and treatment of RA.