Comprehensive proteomic analysis reveals distinct features and diagnostic biomarker panel for early pregnancy loss in histological subtypes

Early pregnancy loss (EPL) is a common event in human reproduction and is classified into histological subtypes such as hydropic abortion (HA) and hydatidiform moles, including complete hydatidiform moles (CHMs) and partial hydatidiform moles (PHMs). However, accurate diagnosis and improved patient management remain challenging due to high rates of misdiagnosis and diverse prognostic risks. Therefore, diagnostic biomarkers for EPL are urgently needed. Our study aimed to identify such biomarkers through comprehensive proteomic analysis. Ten CHMs, six PHMs, ten HAs and ten normal control (NC) products of conception were uesed to obtain a proteomic portrait. Parallel reaction monitoring (PRM)-targeted proteomic and regression analyses were employed to validate and select the diagnostic signatures.