Mortality (%) of four Murray-Darling Basin fishes exposed to simulated blackwater experiments and confirmed mortalities associated with natural hypoxic blackwater events in the Edward-Wakool river system in 2010/11.

Water quality and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) measurements of simulated blackwater treatments (mass of leaf litter g l−1) were aggregated across species for comparison with two natural blackwater events. Mean ±SE.
a. Historically present in the Edward-Wakool system but not sampled in recent unpublished fisheries surveys.