General results.

*, P<0.05, compared with the AVF group; AVF: arterialized venous flap, SPBRA: superficial palmar branch of the radial artery flap, PIPF: posterior interosseous perforator flap, UAPF: ulnar artery perforator free flap, CS: complete survival, ROM: range of motion. Surgical duration: from the induction of anesthesia until the patient was transferred from the operating room.