Single cell RNA-seq data on human innate lymphoid cells.

Allergic rhinitis is a prevalent condition affecting up to 25% of the global population. Whilst common pharmacotherapies such as anti-histamines and corticosteroids can act as temporary symptom reliever, it does not work in 20% of patients. In these patients, allergen immunotherapy is recommended. The role of innate lymphoid cells in allergen specific immunotherapy which can result in the induction of tolerance towards the sensitizing allergen remains unclear. Using a combination of single cell RNA/protein and FACS validation, we provide evidence that the competence of ILC2 to produce IL-10 is dysregulated in allergic individuals and can be restored in patients who receive grass pollen immunotherapy. We also identified that this mechanism is associated with modification in retinol metabolic pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and JAK-STAT signalling pathways in the ILCs. Single cell RNA sequencing was performed by isolating human innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) by FACS sorting from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. ILCs were cultured in vitro with IL-2/IL-7/IL-33/RA for 7 days and libraries (3' GEX and protein libraries) were prepared using Chromium single cell 3' Reagent Kits according to manufacturer's protocol (10x Genomics). The generated scRNAseq libraries were sequenced using HiSeq 4000 sequencers. 2 biologically independent human samples were processed and sequenced for each treatment groups (placebo-treated at 12m, active-treated at 12m and active-treated at 24m).