Classification of the drug resistance mutations.

The table describes the frequency and classification of all DRMs in terms of the nature of the mutation, and their association with drug resistance as described in the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database HIVdb algorithm (1) and the International Aids Society (IAS) 2019 report (38). In the mutation classification column, * indicates mutations that are classified as major and minor DRMs or others (no role identified) by the Stanford drug resistance database, while ˣ indicates mutations that are classified as major or minor DRMs by the International AIDS Society. In the drug associated with resistance column, * shows the association of a mutation with resistance to a particular drug, as indicated in the Stanford drug resistance database; while ˣ shows the association of a mutation with a particular drug, as indicated by the International AIDS Society (IAS) 2019 report, while bold drug names indicates the major resistance by IAS 2019. The abbreviations of the antiretroviral drugs are as follows: PI; atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r), darunavir/ ritonavir (DRV/r), fosamprenavir/ ritonavir (FPV/r), indinavir/ ritonavir (IDV/r), lopinavir/ ritonavir (LPV/r), nelfinavir (NFV), tipranavir/ ritonavir (TPV/r). NRTI; stavudine (d4T), didanosine (DDI), zidovudine (AZT), emtricitabine (FTC), lamivudine (3TC), abacavir (ABC), tenofovir (TDF). NNRTI; efavirenz (EFV), nevirapine (NVP), etravirine (ETR), rilpivirine (RPV), doravirine (DOR). The abbreviations used to classify the mutations are as follows: P = polymorphic, NP = non polymorphic, M = Major, m = Minor, U = unusual, HU = highly unusual, N = none, O = other, ER = extremely rare, TAM = thymidine analogue mutation, H = hypermutation, R = rare, CP = common polymorphic.