山茶花新品种选育及产业化关键技术

山茶花是我国十大传统名花之一，也是世界名贵的园艺植物，在我国已有1800多年栽培历史。本项目针对我国山茶花育种效率低，国内主导型品种少，标准化栽培水平落后等问题，组织产学研攻关团队，历经20余年不懈努力，培育具有我国自主知识产权的新品种26个，其中获新品种权16项，国际品种登录22项，获新产品奖3项 获国家发明专利8项 制定国际标准1项、国家标准l项，行业标准和地方标准3项 编写专著和国际会议论文集8部，发表论文91篇（SCI 11篇，2篇IF>5）。 1.创育了四季茶花新品种类群并育成四季开花新品系217个。以我国特有的杜鹃红山茶为骨干亲本，系统开展杜鹃红山茶与其他山茶属物种、品种的正、反杂交以及回交育种。系统阐明了杜鹃红山茶主要观赏性状遗传变异规律，在国内外率先成功创育出四季茶花品种新类群及新品系217个，填补了国内外夏季无茶花的市场空白。 2.创建了山茶花花色苷辅助育种的理论框架及应用技术，显著提升了新品种花色育种的精准性和育种效率：建立了山茶花花色苷组分的高效分离技术，新发现10种花色苷，从15种组分提升到25种组分 建立了国内外300余个茶花品种25种花色苷指纹图谱库 查明了亲子伐花色苷的遗传规律，为精准、高效培育特异花色的茶花新品种奠定了理论基础。 3.解析了山茶花重要观赏性状山茶花重瓣性、金花茶黄色花、杜鹃红山茶四季开花、云南茶花矮生品种株型以及连蕊茶芳香相关基因20余个并验证其功能，提出了杜鹃红山茶夏季盛花，金花茶黄色、重瓣花演变以及矮生性状的分子调控机理。 4.攻克了山茶属观赏植物种质资源保育技术。从山茶属国内全分布区和国外系统搜集并保存204个物种，代表山茶属物种85%以上多样性，在金华建成了国际上山茶物种最齐全的物种园，2009年被列入首批国家级林木种质资源库之一。

Camellia is one of the top ten traditional famous flowers in China and a world-renowned horticultural plant, with a cultivation history of over 1,800 years in China. In response to the issues of low breeding efficiency, scarce domestically dominant varieties, and backward standardized cultivation levels of camellia in China, this project organized an industry-university-research collaborative team. After more than 20 years of unremitting efforts, 26 new varieties with China's independent intellectual property rights have been bred, including 16 plant variety rights, 22 international cultivar registrations, 3 new product awards, 8 national invention patents, 1 international standard, 1 national standard, 3 industrial and local standards, 8 monographs and international conference proceedings, and 91 published papers (11 SCI-indexed papers, 2 with an Impact Factor >5).

1. A new group of four-season camellia varieties was created, and 217 new four-flowering lines were bred. Taking China's unique *Camellia azalea* as the backbone parent, systematic reciprocal cross and backcross breeding were conducted between *Camellia azalea* and other Camellia species and varieties. The genetic variation rules of the main ornamental traits of *Camellia azalea* were systematically clarified, and the new group and 217 new lines of four-season camellia varieties were successfully bred for the first time globally, filling the market gap of no camellias blooming in summer worldwide.

2. The theoretical framework and application technology of anthocyanin-assisted breeding for camellia were established, significantly improving the accuracy and breeding efficiency of flower color breeding for new varieties. An efficient separation technology for camellia anthocyanin components was developed, with 10 new anthocyanins discovered, increasing the total number of identified components from 15 to 25. A fingerprint atlas library covering 25 anthocyanin components for over 300 camellia varieties at home and abroad was constructed. The genetic laws of anthocyanin inheritance between parents and offspring were clarified, laying a theoretical foundation for the accurate and efficient breeding of camellia new varieties with specific flower colors.

3. More than 20 genes related to important ornamental traits of camellia were identified and their functions verified, including those governing double-petal flower formation, yellow flower traits in *Camellia nitidissima*, four-season flowering in *Camellia azalea*, plant architecture of dwarf *Camellia reticulata* varieties, and aroma production in *Camellia fraterna*. The molecular regulatory mechanisms of summer full blooming in *Camellia azalea*, yellow flower formation in *Camellia nitidissima*, evolution of double-petal flowers, and dwarf traits were proposed.

4. The bottlenecks in germplasm resource conservation technology for ornamental Camellia plants were overcome. Germplasm resources were systematically collected and preserved from the entire domestic distribution range and foreign germplasm banks of Camellia, totaling 204 species, which represent more than 85% of the total diversity of Camellia species. The world's most comprehensive camellia species garden was built in Jinhua, and it was listed as one of the first batch of national forest tree germplasm resource banks in 2009.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集总结了山茶花新品种选育及产业化关键技术的研究成果，包括培育26个具有自主知识产权的新品种、创建花色苷辅助育种技术、解析重要观赏性状基因以及攻克种质资源保育技术。数据集还涵盖了相关的专利、标准、论文和专著，为山茶花的育种和栽培提供了重要的科学依据和技术支持。