Use of image analysis to assess radial growth of <i>Passalora arachidicola</i> and <i>Nothopassalora personata</i> on solid media

Despite significant research on early and late leaf spot diseases of peanut, in vitro study of the respective causal agents, <i>Passalora arachidicola</i> and <i>Nothopassalora personata</i>, has been limited due to cultural challenges that make growth of these fungi difficult to quantify with traditional methods. Studies were conducted to evaluate the practicality of image analysis to assess radial growth and tissue volume by correlating these assessments to dry mass. Image analysis was also used to estimate radial growth rates for these fungi over time. Tissue area and volume were significantly correlated to dry mass for <i>P. arachidicola</i> in two separate experiments, and for <i>N. personata</i> when medium had been removed from tissues prior to dry mass assessments. Tissue area densities were the same for <i>P. arachidicola</i> and <i>Pseudocercospora smilacicola</i>, evaluated as a nonstromatal cercosporoid comparison, whereas tissue volume densities were greater for <i>P. archidicola</i> and <i>N. personata</i> than <i>P. smilacicola</i>. A quadratic relationship was observed between radial growth and incubation time for all isolates evaluated. Growth rates of <i>P. arachidicola</i> isolates were 2 to 4 times faster than <i>N. personata</i> during the first week of incubation and slowed over time. Growth rates of NP18R, a phenotype variant of <i>N. personata</i>, increased after neighboring colonies met and was nearly 2.5 times faster than the fastest rates observed for <i>P. arachidicola</i>. These experiments demonstrate that when fungal tissues are observable, image analysis is a useful assessment tool for <i>P. arachidicola</i> and <i>N. personata</i>. Care should be taken to monitor fungal phenotypic changes in these species because phenotype degeneration can affect growth rates.