Spatially resolved profiling of human distal cholangiocarcinoma tissues with low/high neural invasion status

To dissect the topological architecture of perineural invasion (PNI) in dCCA, primary tumor regions with and without PNI were selected from eight surgically resected cases based on H&E staining, as evaluated by a board-certified pathologist. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues from these patients were used to construct a tissue microarray (TMA) comprising 14 representative cores. Subcellular spatial transcriptomic profiling targeting over 5,000 genes was then performed using the Xenium platform.