Tirzepatide Restores Gut Microbiota Homeostasis to Protect Against Diabetic Kidney Disease

Biochemical assays were performed to assess body weight, blood glucose, lipid profile, and hepatic and renal function. Renal histopathological changes were further examined by hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining. In addition, an ABX-db/db-T group was established through antibiotic pretreatment to investigate the impact of gut microbiota depletion on the therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing was employed to characterize differences in gut microbial communities among the experimental groups.