Significant between group comparisons by taxon level.

P values indicated. Non-significant between group differences observed for: Acidobacteria (Ac), Actinobacteria (A), Alphaproteobacteria (P), Bacilli (F), Betaproteobacteria (P), Clostridia (F), Cyanobacteria (C), Cytophagia (B), Erysipelotrichi (F), Flavobacteria (B), Fusobacteria (Fu), Mollicutes (T), Planctomycetia (Pl). Groups: NS, non-shifted standard chow diet; S, shifted standard chow diet; NSFS, non-shifted high-fat, high-sugar diet; SFS, shifted high-fat, high-sugar diet. Phylum: A, Actinobacteria; Ac, Acidobacteria; B, Bacteroidetes; C, Cyanobacteria; F, Firmicutes; Fu, Fusobacteria; P, Proteobacteria; Pl, Plantomycetes; T, Tenericutes; V, Verrucomicrobia. *, significant between group differences; –, not significant; (+)/(-), indicates direction of the change.