基于锂-镝原子实验平台制备由千万个费米锂原子构成的幺正费米超流体并研究热的临界量子输运

实验上观测到一种独特量子输运现象——熵波（也称作第二声波）并准确获得了它的衰减率。在该项工作中，我们制备了可精确操纵温度的超高密度均匀费米气体，发展了可用于定量探测费米超流体中微弱熵波动的布拉格谱学方法。基于费米超流理论，我们首次准确测定了幺正费米超流体的黏度与热导率这两个重要的物理量，揭示出该体系具有比液氦超流体大100倍的量子临界区。研究结果表明，幺正费米超流体的输运系数可由费米原子的质量、密度、普朗克常数和玻尔兹曼常数来完全的确定。这样一个普适性的规律将有望被推广到其它的强相互作用的费米子体系，比如中子星，夸克胶子等离子体等。该数据集是中国科学技术大学微尺度物质科学国家研究中心姚星灿小组在超冷原子密度均匀幺正费米超流系统中研究第二声及其衰减率所产生的支撑数据，主体数据采集产生于2020年8月-2021年7月间。主要的数据采集的基于标准的时间飞行成像方法（成像相机是Andor公司的iXonUltra897EMCCD），数据采集到电脑中储存。

A unique quantum transport phenomenon—entropy waves (also known as second sound)—was experimentally observed, and its attenuation rate was accurately measured. In this work, we prepared an ultra-high-density homogeneous Fermi gas with precisely tunable temperature, and developed a Bragg spectroscopy method that can quantitatively detect weak entropy fluctuations in Fermi superfluids. Based on Fermi superfluid theory, we for the first time accurately determined the two key physical quantities of unitary Fermi superfluids: viscosity and thermal conductivity, revealing that this system has a quantum critical regime 100 times larger than that of superfluid helium. The research results show that the transport coefficients of unitary Fermi superfluids can be fully determined by the mass, density, Planck constant and Boltzmann constant of Fermi atoms. Such a universal law is expected to be extended to other strongly interacting fermion systems, such as neutron stars and quark-gluon plasma. This dataset is the supporting data generated by the research group led by Yao Xingcan from the National Research Center for Microscale Physical Science, University of Science and Technology of China, during the study of second sound and its attenuation rate in an ultracold atomic ultra-high-density homogeneous unitary Fermi superfluid system. The main data collection was conducted between August 2020 and July 2021. The primary data acquisition was based on the standard time-of-flight imaging method (the imaging camera used was the Andor iXonUltra897 EMCCD), and the collected data was stored in a computer.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集基于锂-镝原子实验平台，制备了由千万个费米锂原子构成的幺正费米超流体，并研究了热的临界量子输运现象。实验首次观测到熵波（第二声波），准确测定了黏度和热导率，揭示出量子临界区比液氦超流体大100倍，且输运系数可由费米原子质量、密度等基本常数确定，具有普适性。数据采集于2020年8月至2021年7月，包括xlsx、txt、docx格式文件，总数据量4.88MB，共17个文件。