无絮黑杨新品种选育与示范推广

杨树是我国主要造林树种，木材产量占全国木材总产量近 1/3，在保障国家木材安全 战略中占重要地位。同时杨树也是城乡绿化和农田林网的主栽树种，对保障农业生态安全 具有重要作用。针对杨树品种老化单一、雌雄株比例失调和飞絮污染等问题，经多家单位 十余年合作攻关，在黑杨有性生殖生物学、杂交育种理念、新品种创制、良种示范推广等 方面取得突破，总体技术水平和主要技术经济指标达到国际先进水平，获得显著的经济、 生态和社会效益。 1.系统研究了黑杨派杂交亲本的有性生殖生物学特性。系统观察研究了杂交亲本雌雄花 的形态、结构及发育过程，果实及种子的形态和结构特征，丰富了黑杨有性生殖生物学研究内容。首次报道了 T26 杨、T66 杨、I-102 杨和中菏 1 号杨 4 个雄性品种每花序的雄花 数量和每雄花的雄蕊数量，改写了以往对黑杨雄花结构数量的记录。首次报道了 L323 杨、 L324 杨 2个雌性品种每果穗蒴果数量和每蒴果种子数量，填补了黑杨雌株结种数量研究 空白。从 7 个母本中筛选出美洲黑杨L324 和L323 有性生殖能力强，适宜做杂交母本。 2.系统评价了黑杨派杂交亲本的亲和性和配合力。选择黑杨派优良基因型做杂交亲本组 成 32 个杂交组合，实施人工控制授粉。通过对各组合结籽量和种子发芽成苗率试验，得出美洲黑杨品种之间杂交亲和性高，欧美杨品种之间以及欧美杨与美洲黑杨品种之间杂交 亲和性差，美洲黑杨与欧美杨品种之间杂交亲和性介于二者之间。根据杂交子代 F1 苗径、 苗高生长量计算分析，得出母本 L324、L323 有较高的一般配合力，父本 T66、T26、中菏 1 号和 I-102 有较高的一般配合力 杂交组合 L323×中菏 1 号、L324×T66、L324×I-102 和 L323×T26 有较高的特殊配合力。 3.培育出拥有自主知识产权的雄性黑杨新品种。开展杂交无性系多点多年表型测定和区 域试验，自主选育出适宜鲁南、鲁西北、鲁东地区等杨树主产区的高产优质环保型黑杨优 良新品种‘鲁林 9 号杨和‘鲁林 16 号杨，材积遗传增益达 12.7﹪～27.5﹪，可有效促 进杨树主栽区良种的升级换代，极大提升山东省杨树良种产业化能力及市场竞争力。

Poplar is one of the main afforestation tree species in China, with its wood output accounting for nearly one-third of the country's total wood production, holding an important position in the national timber security strategy. Meanwhile, poplar is also a major planted tree species for urban and rural greening and farmland shelterbelts, playing a critical role in ensuring agricultural ecological security. To address issues such as aging and single variety structure, imbalanced male-female plant ratio, and catkin pollution, after over a decade of collaborative research and key technological tackling by multiple institutions, breakthroughs have been achieved in the sexual reproductive biology of Section Aigeiros poplars, cross breeding concepts, new variety development, demonstration and promotion of improved varieties, etc. The overall technical level and main technical and economic indicators have reached the internationally advanced level, bringing significant economic, ecological and social benefits.

1. Systematic research on the sexual reproductive biological characteristics of hybrid parents in Section Aigeiros poplars. Systematic observations and studies were conducted on the morphology, structure and development process of male and female flowers of hybrid parents, as well as the morphological and structural characteristics of fruits and seeds, enriching the research content of sexual reproductive biology of Section Aigeiros poplars. For the first time, the number of male flowers per inflorescence and the number of stamens per male flower of four male poplar varieties, namely Populus T26, Populus T66, Populus I-102 and Populus Zhonghe 1, were reported, rewriting previous records on the quantitative traits of male flower structures of Section Aigeiros poplars. For the first time, the number of capsules per female spike and the number of seeds per capsule of two female poplar varieties, namely Populus L323 and Populus L324, were reported, filling the research gap in the seed-setting quantity of female Section Aigeiros poplars. From seven female parents, Populus deltoides L324 and L323 were screened out as suitable hybrid female parents with strong sexual reproductive capacity.

2. Systematic evaluation of the compatibility and combining ability of hybrid parents in Section Aigeiros poplars. 32 hybrid combinations were established by selecting excellent genotypes of Section Aigeiros poplars as hybrid parents, and artificial controlled pollination was carried out. Through experiments on the seed-setting quantity and seed germination and seedling emergence rate of each combination, it was concluded that the cross compatibility between Populus deltoides varieties is high, while the cross compatibility between Populus × euramericana varieties and between Populus × euramericana and Populus deltoides varieties is poor, and the cross compatibility between Populus deltoides and Populus × euramericana varieties is between the two. Based on the calculation and analysis of the growth of seedling diameter and height of F1 hybrid progeny, it was concluded that female parents L324 and L323 have high general combining ability, while male parents T66, T26, Zhonghe 1 and I-102 have high general combining ability. The hybrid combinations L323 × Zhonghe 1, L324 × T66, L324 × I-102 and L323 × T26 have high special combining ability.

3. Development of new male Section Aigeiros poplar varieties with independent intellectual property rights. Multi-point and multi-year phenotypic identification and regional trials of hybrid clones were carried out. Two high-yield, high-quality and environmentally friendly excellent new Section Aigeiros poplar varieties suitable for main poplar producing areas such as southern Shandong, northwestern Shandong and eastern Shandong, namely 'Lulin 9' Poplar and 'Lulin 16' Poplar, were independently bred. The volume genetic gains range from 12.7% to 27.5%, which can effectively promote the upgrading of improved varieties in main poplar planting areas, and greatly enhance the industrialization capacity and market competitiveness of poplar improved varieties in Shandong Province.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集聚焦于无絮黑杨新品种的选育与示范推广，旨在解决杨树品种老化、飞絮污染等问题。通过十余年的杂交育种研究，系统评估了黑杨派杂交亲本的生物学特性和配合力，成功培育出‘鲁林9号杨’和‘鲁林16号杨’等雄性新品种，材积遗传增益显著，提升了杨树良种的产业化能力和市场竞争力。