Observational studies have demonstrated that cardiovascular risk factors are associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, these observational associations are potentially influenced by the r
ObjectiveAssociations between diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (MSCTD) and breast cancer (BC) have not been elucidated completely. The purpose of this study was to investig
PurposeThe debate over the causal and longitudinal association between cystatin C and stroke in older adults persists. Our aim was to assess the link between cystatin C levels, both measured and genet
IntroductionOsteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent and debilitating disorder that affects the joints and has a complex array of causes. While sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) have been i
Aim: We aimed to examine the association of oxidative stress, programmed cell death, smoking, and the GSTM1 gene in the risk of lung carcinogenesis. The two-step Mendelian randomization will reveal ev
