Chlamydia are a genus of successful obligate intracellular pathogens spread across humans, wildlife, and domesticated animals. The most common species reported in livestock in this genus are Chlamydia
The Campylobacter infection is one of the leading causes of reproductive failures in ruminants in developed countries. Although Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus historically was the major cause of
House flies thrived in confined cattle operations and cause nuisance to animals and vector a wide range of microbes that could have acquired from animal waste. However, our understanding of risk house
