Mapped 5′ ends of transcripts.

asequence of proposed −35 and −10 consensus sequences and distance (bp) between them.
bDistance (bp) between the last base of the −10 hexamer and the mapped transcription start site (+1).
cDistance (bp) between +1 and initiation codon of gene.
dEstimation from pBR322 MspI markers.
The 5′ ends were mapped by primer extension on mRNA prepared from bacteria grown in glucose, GlcN or GlcNAc using the oligonucleotides indicated in Table S2. The same oligonucleotides were used to generate sequencing reactions, which were run in parallel. (The gels are shown in Figure S1).