Risk of total, all-cancer, and all-CVD mortality by quintiles of meat intake.*

*Adjusted for age at baseline, total caloric intake, income, occupation, education, comorbidity index, physical activity level, total vegetable intake, total fruit intake, fish intake, and red meat or poultry intake where appropriate, smoking history (ever/never smoking for women and pack-years of smoking for men), and alcohol consumption (for men only). Among women, median intakes for the first to fifth quintiles were 15.0, 29.9, 43.4, 60.1, and 94.8 g/day for red meat; 1.4, 5.4, 10.3, 17.4, and 33.8 g/day for poultry; and 13.4, 27.8, 40.8, 56.6, and 89.2 g/day for pork. Among men, the median intakes for the first to fifth quintiles were 20.0, 37.7, 53.9, 74.6, and 114.9 g/day for red meat; 0.9, 5.4, 10.9, 18.6, and 37.9 g/day for poultry; and 17.2, 34.2, 49.4, 68.5, and 106.1 g/day for pork.†Combined risk estimates derived from a random-effects meta-analysis are presented when the test for heterogeneity was significant; combined risk estimates from a fixed-effects meta-analysis are presented when significant heterogeneity was not present. Q statistics and P-heterogeneity for risk estimates comparing the highest quintiles of intake with the lowest are shown.