Impacts of warning labels on ultra-processed foods among Latino adults: A randomized trial

4,107 Latino adults (49% limited English proficiency) in the US participated in an online randomized trial using the Qualtrics survey platform. Participants viewed one of three labels: control labels displaying barcodes; identity warnings stating “WARNING: Ultra-processed food;” or health warnings stating “WARNING: Consuming ultra-processed food and drinks can cause weight gain, which increases the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes”. Participants viewed four ultra-processed food (UPF) products (yogurt, fruit drink, breakfast cereal, and a salty snack) displaying their randomly assigned labels. Participants indicated whether the product was UPF (primary outcome) and rated perceived healthfulness of the product, intentions to purchase the product, and perceived message effectiveness (secondary outcomes).