Civil marine research effort in main French research organisations: data and estimates

marine research covers several specialities, most often developed within international programmes, in keeping with the scale of the problems for ocean and environmental status. the activity involves a small number of public organisations, some of which work in several fields. ifremer, university and cnrs (national centre for scientific research) oceanography laboratories, the shom french navy hydrographic and oceanographic service, the ird research institute for development and the ipev paul-emile-victor polar research institute are the main scientific organisations in public-sector ocean and marine research. earth-observation satellites provide an additional spatial component for oceanographic research. they are financed by cnes national centre for space studies, generally in the framework of bilateral or multilateral co-operation. the other principal research bodies involved in ocean studies are: météo-france (french meteorological office), inra (national agronomy research institute), cirad agricultural research centre for development, brgm office for geological and mining research. genavir, economic interest group, operates a large part of the ocean research fleet on its own and other partners' behalf, including the research vessels of ifremer and ird and the submarine equipment of ifremer.the assessment of marine research effort requires a detailed assessment of the staff working on marine science in research organisations. most of these are not exclusively dedicated to marine science; estimates are thus necessary to value staff costs.data source: marine research organisations

海洋研究涵盖了多个专业领域，其中大多数是在国际项目框架下发展起来的，以适应海洋和环境状况问题的规模。该活动涉及为数不多的公共机构，其中一些机构在多个领域展开工作。法国海洋研究中心（ifremer）、大学及国家科学研究中心（CNRS）海洋学实验室、法国海军水文与海洋学服务（shom）、法国发展研究机构（ird）及保罗-艾米尔-维克多极地研究学院（ipev）是公共部门海洋与海洋研究的主要科学机构。地球观测卫星为海洋学研究提供了额外的空间数据成分。这些卫星通常由国家空间研究中心（CNES）资助，通常在双边或多边合作框架内进行。参与海洋研究的其他主要研究机构包括：法国气象局（météo-france）、国家农业研究学院（inra）、农业发展研究中心（cirad）及地质与采矿研究办公室（brgm）。经济利益集团genavir独立运营了大部分海洋研究船队，代表自身和其他合作伙伴，包括ifremer和ird的研究船以及ifremer的潜艇设备。对海洋研究努力的评估需要详细评估在研究机构中从事海洋科学工作的员工。其中大部分员工并非专门从事海洋科学，因此有必要进行估算以评估员工成本。数据来源：海洋研究机构。