Table_1_Genome-wide identification of Cymbidium sinense WRKY gene family and the importance of its Group III members in response to abiotic stress.XLS

Transcription factors (TFs) of the WRKY family play pivotal roles in defense responses and secondary metabolism of plants. Although WRKY TFs are well documented in numerous plant species, no study has performed a genome-wide investigation of the WRKY gene family in Cymbidium sinense. In the present work, we found 64 C. sinense WRKY (CsWRKY) TFs, and they were further divided into eight subgroups. Chromosomal distribution of CsWRKYs revealed that the majority of these genes were localized on 16 chromosomes, especially on Chromosome 2. Syntenic analysis implied that 13 (20.31%) genes were derived from segmental duplication events, and 17 orthologous gene pairs were identified between Arabidopsis thaliana WRKY (AtWRKY) and CsWRKY genes. Moreover, 55 of the 64 CsWRKYs were detectable in different plant tissues in response to exposure to plant hormones. Among them, Group III members were strongly induced in response to various hormone treatments, indicating their potential essential roles in hormone signaling. We subsequently analyzed the function of CsWRKY18 in Group III. The CsWRKY18 was localized in the nucleus. The constitutive expression of CsWRKY18 in Arabidopsis led to enhanced sensitivity to ABA-mediated seed germination and root growth and elevated plant tolerance to abiotic stress within the ABA-dependent pathway. Overall, our study represented the first genome-wide characterization and functional analysis of WRKY TFs in C. sinense, which could provide useful clues about the evolution and functional description of CsWRKY genes.

转录因子（TFs）WRKY家族在植物的抗性响应和次生代谢中扮演着至关重要的角色。尽管WRKY TFs在众多植物物种中已有详尽的文献记载，但迄今为止，尚无研究对兰科植物Cymbidium sinense的WRKY基因家族进行全基因组调查。在本研究中，我们发现了64个C. sinense WRKY（CsWRKY）转录因子，并将它们进一步划分为八个亚组。CsWRKYs的染色体分布研究表明，大多数基因定位于16条染色体上，尤其是第2号染色体。同源分析表明，其中13个（占比20.31%）基因源于片段重复事件，并在拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）的WRKY（AtWRKY）基因和CsWRKY基因之间鉴定出17对直系同源基因。此外，在植物激素暴露下，64个CsWRKYs中的55个在不同植物组织中均能被检测到。其中，第III组成员在多种激素处理下强烈诱导，这表明它们在激素信号传导中可能发挥着至关重要的角色。我们随后对CsWRKY18在第III组中的功能进行了分析。CsWRKY18定位于细胞核中。在拟南芥中组成型表达CsWRKY18导致对ABA介导的种子萌发和根生长的敏感性增强，并提高了植物在ABA依赖途径中对抗非生物胁迫的耐受性。总的来说，本研究首次对C. sinense的WRKY转录因子进行了全基因组鉴定和功能分析，这或许能为CsWRKY基因的进化与功能描述提供有益的线索。