Isolation and Identification of Bacterial Pathogens in Dairy Cows with Endometritis

Collection of uterine swabs or lavage samples was performed from dairy cows diagnosed with clinical or subclinical endometritis, based on vaginal discharge scores using the Metri check system. Clinically healthy cows were included as negative controls. The collected samples were cultured on selective media, including Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) and MacConkey agar, to isolate bacterial pathogens. Preliminary identification of isolates was conducted through Gram staining and biochemical tests, followed by confirmation using PCR or Vitek 2.0 system. In-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out using disk diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) assays. Additionally, whole-genome sequencing of selected isolates was performed to provide comprehensive insights into their genetic makeup, including virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance determinants.