Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon 2021 - Lebanon

Abstract
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Ten years into the Syria conflict, Lebanon remains at the forefront of one of the worst humanitarian crises. The economic downturn, steep inflation, COVID-19 and finally the Beirut blast have pushed vulnerable communities in Lebanon - including Syrian refugees - to the brink, with thousands of families sinking further into poverty. The Government of Lebanon (GoL) estimates that the country hosts 1.5 million of the 6.6 million Syrians who have fled the conflict since 2011. The Syrian refugee population in Lebanon remains one of the largest concentration of refugees per capita in the world. The 2021 Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon (VASyR) was the ninth annual survey assessing the situation of Syrian refugees in Lebanon to identify changes and trends in their vulnerabilities. Considering the prolonged socio-economic status in Lebanon and COVID-19, it was crucial to provide needs-based estimates on Syrian refugees in the country. Since VASyR 2021 was one of the few assessments that were conducted face-to-face, the implementation was accompanied by a comprehensive protocol to ensure the safety of families and field workers. The criticality of conducting the VASyR 2021 was to provide insights about Syrian refugees impacted by the political and economic crisis that hit Lebanon in late 2019 and by the COVID-19 outbreak.

Geographic coverage
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National coverage

Analysis unit
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Household and individual

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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Sampling for the VASyR follows a two-stage cluster approach, keeping with the methodology of previous years. UNHCR database of known Syrian refugees as of 2021 served as the sample frame. Cases with missing addresses were excluded. Sampling was based on a "30 x 7" two-stage cluster scheme initially developed by the World Health Organization. This method outlines a sample size of 30 clusters per geographical area and seven households per cluster which provides a precision of +/- 10 percentage points. Districts were considered as the geographical level within which 30 clusters were selected. There are 26 districts in Lebanon, where Beirut and Akkar each represent a district and a governorate. As such, to ensure similar representativeness with other governorates, an additional two cluster samples were considered for each, yielding 90 cluster selections for each. The governorate of Baalbek Hermel is made up of only two districts, as such, and to ensure an adequate sample in that governorate, one additional cluster sample was considered. The primary sampling unit was defined as the village level (i.e. cluster) and UNHCR cases served as the secondary sampling unit. A case was defined as a group of people who are identified together as one unit (usually immediate family/household) under UNHCR databases. Using Emergency Nutrition Assesment (ENA) software, villages were selected using probability proportionate to size where villages with a larger concentration of refugees was more likely to be selected and 30 clusters/villages were selected with four replacement clusters, per district. In order to estimate the sample size needed to generate results that are representative on a district, governorate and national level, the following assumptions were used: - 50% estimated prevalence - 10% precision - 1.5 design effect - 5% margin of error Using the above parameters, 165 cases per district/cluster selection was required, leading to a target of 5,000 cases nationally. Due to the known high level of mobility of the Syrian refugee population and based on experience in previous rounds of VASyR and other household level surveys, a 40% non-response rate was considered.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The 2021 VASyR questionnaire collected data at the household level and individual level including demographics, legal documentation, safety and security, shelter, WASH, health, food security, livelihoods, expenditures, food consumption, debt, coping strategies and assistance, as well as questions specifically relating to women, children and people with disabilities.

摘要
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十年叙利亚冲突以来，黎巴嫩依然处于世界上最严重的人道主义危机的前沿。经济衰退、高通胀、COVID-19以及最终的贝鲁特大爆炸，将黎巴嫩脆弱的社区——包括叙利亚难民——推向了崩溃的边缘，成千上万的家庭进一步陷入贫困。黎巴嫩政府（GoL）估计，该国接待了自2011年以来逃离冲突的660万叙利亚人中的150万人。在黎巴嫩的叙利亚难民人口，仍然是世界上人均难民集中度最高的地区之一。2021年黎巴嫩叙利亚难民脆弱性评估（VASyR）是该年度第九次调查，旨在评估黎巴嫩叙利亚难民的情况，以识别其脆弱性变化和趋势。鉴于黎巴嫩长期的社会经济状况和COVID-19的影响，对叙利亚难民进行基于需求的估计至关重要。由于VASyR 2021是少数面对面进行的评估之一，其实施伴随着一套全面协议，以确保家庭和现场工作人员的安全。VASyR 2021进行的关键在于，为2019年底袭击黎巴嫩的政经危机以及COVID-19疫情爆发影响的叙利亚难民提供洞见。
地理覆盖范围
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全国覆盖
分析单元
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家庭与个人
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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VASyR的抽样遵循与往年相同的方法的两阶段聚类方法。截至2021年的联合国难民署（UNHCR）已知叙利亚难民数据库作为抽样框架。地址缺失的案例被排除在外。抽样基于最初由世界卫生组织开发的“30 x 7”两阶段聚类方案。此方法规定了每个地理区域30个聚类，每个聚类7个家庭，提供±10个百分点的精度。区被考虑为包含30个聚类的地理级别。在黎巴嫩有26个区，贝鲁特和阿克拉各代表一个区和省。因此，为了确保与其他省的相似代表性，为每个省额外考虑了两个聚类样本，每个省有90个聚类选择。贝鲁特赫尔梅尔省仅由两个区组成，因此，为了确保在该省有足够的样本，考虑了一个额外的聚类样本。主要抽样单元被定义为村庄级别（即聚类），联合国难民署案例作为二级抽样单元。案例被定义为在联合国难民署数据库中被识别为单一单位的群体（通常是立即家庭/家庭）。
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
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2021年VASyR问卷在家庭层面和个人层面收集了数据，包括人口统计、法律文件、安全与保障、住所、卫生和健康、食品安全、生计、支出、食物消费、债务、应对策略和援助，以及专门针对妇女、儿童和残疾人士的问题。