* Method to generate the virtual species - A virtual species is a group of occurrences, which are selected by an ellipsoid in a 3D environmental space. In this case, we did a principal component analy
Aim. Tropical species are thought to experience and be adapted to narrow ranges of abiotic conditions. This idea has been invoked to explain a broad array of biological phenomena, including the latitu
Allee effects are thought to slow range expansion and contribute to stable range boundaries. Recent studies have shown Allee effects to vary spatiotemporally due to influences of environmental heterog
