Investment Climate Survey 2004 - South Africa

Abstract
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South Africa Investment Climate Survey 2004 was carried out between January and December 2004. Over 800 formal private enterprises were surveyed. 75 percent of the sample was in the manufacturing sector, 14 percent in the construction industry, and the remaining 11 percent in wholesale and retail trade. The dataset described in this study includes only manufacturing establishments (603 observations).

The Investment Climate Surveys (ICS) were conducted by the World Bank and its partners across all geographic regions and covered firms of all sizes in many industries. The ICS collected a wide array of qualitative and quantitative information through face-to-face interviews with managers and owners regarding the investment climate in their country and the productivity of their firms. Topics covered in the ICS included the obstacles to doing business, infrastructure, finance, labor, corruption and regulation, contract enforcement, law and order, innovation and technology, and firm productivity. Taken together, the qualitative and quantitative data helped connect a country’s investment climate characteristics with firm productivity and performance.

Firm-level surveys have been administered since 1998 by different units within the World Bank. Since 2005-06, most data collection efforts have been centralized within the Enterprise Analysis Unit (FPDEA). Enterprise Surveys, a replacement for Investment Climate Surveys, are now conducted by the Enterprise Analysis Unit.

Geographic coverage
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National

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The sample of South African firms was designed as a stratified random sample.

Over 800 firms were surveyed between January and December 2004. About 75 percent (603) of the sample were in the manufacturing sector, 14 percent in the construction industry, and the remaining 11 percent in wholesale and retail trade. Within these broad sectors, firms were randomly selected from lists of firms registered with the South Africa Department of Trade and Industry (only formal registered enterprises are included in the sample). Although the samples should be broadly representative of formal firms within each sector, they are not representative of the entire economy.

The sample included firms from major metropolitan areas in Gauteng (about 63 percent of the sample), Western Cape (23 percent), KwaZulu-Natal (9 percent), and Eastern Cape (5 percent). The sample was mainly composed of small (10-49 employees), medium (50-99 employees), and large (100-499 employees) enterprises, although about 14 percent of the sample were very large (over 500 employees). There were few microenterprises (fewer than 10 employees) in the sample, especially in the manufacturing sector.

Most firms were owned either by corporations or by Caucasian or European individuals and families. Only 5 percent of firms were owned by African or colored individuals or families. The small number of African-owned firms, however, appears to reflect the distribution of formal firms. Previous studies have also found relatively few African-owned firms in these size classes. For example, in a survey of enterprises in Johannesburg in 1999, 97 percent of informal microenterprises were black-owned, but only 7 percent of formal micro, small, and medium enterprises were. This pattern appears to have persisted through 2004.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The current survey instrument is available:
- Investment Climate Survey Questionnaire.

The survey includes data on firm productivity, cost of doing business, regulatory environment, labor market, financial sector, trade regime, and levels of investment.

摘要
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2004年南非投资环境调查于2004年1月至12月间进行。调查覆盖了超过800家正式的私营企业。样本中，75%的企业属于制造业，14%的企业属于建筑业，其余11%的企业从事批发和零售贸易。本研究中描述的数据集仅包含制造业企业（603个观测值）。

投资环境调查（ICS）由世界银行及其合作伙伴在全球各地区进行，涵盖了众多行业中各种规模的企业。ICS通过与管理者和业主进行面对面访谈，收集了关于其国家投资环境和企业生产力的定性及定量信息。ICS涵盖的主题包括商业运营的障碍、基础设施、金融、劳动力、腐败与监管、合同执行、法律与秩序、创新与技术以及企业生产力。综合定性及定量数据有助于将一个国家的投资环境特征与企业生产力和业绩相联系。

自1998年以来，世界银行内部的不同单位负责实施企业级调查。自2005-06年起，大部分数据收集工作已集中在企业分析单位（FPDEA）内。企业调查，作为投资环境调查的替代，现由企业分析单位负责进行。

地理覆盖范围
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全国

数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]

抽样程序
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南非企业的样本设计为分层随机样本。

在2004年1月至12月间，共调查了800多家企业。其中约75%（603家）的企业属于制造业，14%的企业属于建筑业，剩余11%的企业从事批发和零售贸易。在这些广泛的部门中，企业是从南非贸易和工业部（仅包括正式注册的企业）注册的企业名单中随机选取的。尽管样本应广泛代表每个部门内的正式企业，但它们并不代表整个经济。

样本包括来自豪登省主要都市区（约63%的样本）、西开普省（23%）、夸祖鲁纳塔尔省（9%）和东开普省（5%）的企业。样本主要由小型（10-49名员工）、中型（50-99名员工）和大型（100-499名员工）企业组成，尽管约14%的样本是超大型企业（员工超过500人）。样本中微型企业（员工少于10人）数量很少，尤其是在制造业。

大多数企业由公司或白人或欧洲个人和家庭拥有。只有5%的企业由非洲人或有色人种个人或家庭拥有。然而，少数非洲拥有的企业似乎反映了正式企业的分布。先前的研究也发现这些规模类别中非洲拥有的企业相对较少。例如，在1999年对约翰内斯堡企业的调查中，97%的非正式微型企业为黑人拥有，但只有7%的正式微型、小型和中型企业为黑人拥有。这种模式似乎一直持续到2004年。

数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]

研究工具
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当前调查工具如下：
- 投资环境调查问卷。

调查包括关于企业生产力、商业运营成本、监管环境、劳动力市场、金融部门、贸易制度以及投资水平的数据。