Quantitative comparison of compounds sorbed and then eluted from RAMES discs to compounds present in the initial extract (non-sorbed).

Fully expanded leaves of Coffea arabica, Theobroma cacao, Artemisia dracunculus, and Moringa oleifera were extracted in 5 ml of ethanol as described in Fig 1 and either sorbed to glass fiber discs and then eluted with 70% ethanol or analyzed directly by the UPLC/MS (see above). Values represent the mean extracted ion chromatogram peak areas at the corresponding m/z value and ionization mode (x108) for each compound putatively identified in the extract ±S.D. (n = 4). Statistical significance was calculated with an unpaired, two-tailed T-test with Welch's correction. Number of asterisks define statistical significance: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001. NSD, No significant difference at p > 0.05. Abbreviations: PACs, proanthocyanidins; DMC, dihydroxy-methoxy chalcone; MIC, moringa isothiocyanate. M/z values for MICs, glucosinolate and niazirin represent [M-H] + acetic acid ion adducts. Quercetin and kaempferol glycosides were identified based on their [M-H] molecular ions and quantified based on [M+H] aglycone MS/MS fragments at (+) ESI MS ionization. Representative total ion current chromatograms of eluates and extracts can be viewed in S4–S7 Figs.