STUDYING THE MEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF POMEGRANATE AND FIG FROM SUBTROPIC CROPS GROWING IN KHORESM REGION AND METHODS OF COMBATING THEM PESTS

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and fig (Ficus carica L.) are important subtropical crops traditionally cultivated in the Khorezm Region of Uzbekistan. This study examines their phytochemical composition, medicinal properties, and cultivation challenges, with a focus on major pests and integrated control methods. Pomegranates are rich in polyphenols (e.g., punicalagins, ellagic acid, anthocyanins), exhibiting strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer, and cardiovascular protective effects. Figs provide high levels of fiber, polyphenols, flavonoids, and minerals, supporting digestive health, blood sugar regulation, and antimicrobial activity. Local varieties adapted to Khorezm's arid, irrigated conditions show promising bioactive profiles. Field observations and literature indicate that pests such as Comstock mealybug (Pseudococcus comstocki), aphids, fruit borers, and spider mites significantly reduce yields. Integrated pest management (IPM) combining cultural, biological, and selective chemical controls is recommended for sustainable production. This research highlights the dual value of these crops for health and economy in Khorezm while proposing practical pest management strategies.