Gut microbiome dynamics in index patients colonized with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales after hospital discharge and their household contacts. MODERN

In this study, we show that at the day of hospital discharge the microbiome composition of index patients is dissimilar from that of household contacts. Over time, signals of microbiome recovery were observed in half of the index patients. The stable microbiome composition in household contacts irrespective of low-level ESBL-Ec or ESBL-Kp colonization suggests that the gut microbiome in these healthy people provided colonization resistance against ESBL-PE outgrowth.