Tectonic–astronomical interactions in shaping late Paleozoic climate and organic carbon burial

The model output files now cover all 12 time slices from 360 Ma to 250 Ma, spaced at 10-million-year intervals. Each time slice is represented by two netCDF files: one containing atmospheric variables (e.g., surface temperature, precipitation), named as XXXMa.nc (e.g., 250Ma.nc), and another containing oceanic variables (e.g., sea surface temperature), named as XXXMa_Ocn.nc (e.g., 250Ma_Ocn.nc). In addition, a set of climate sensitivity experiments was conducted to explore the effects of varying atmospheric CO2 concentrations, orbital parameters, and continental configurations. These include 260Ma_400ppm.nc, 300Ma_reverse.nc, 300Ma_800ppm.nc, 300Ma_800ppm_reverse.nc, and 340Ma_400ppm.nc, which were used to assess the response of global mean surface temperature and precipitation to orbital–CO2 coupling (as shown in Figs. 4–5). This file structure enables users to access land–atmosphere and oceanic outputs separately, facilitating flexible reuse across paleoclimate research applications. Furthermore, we have uploaded Python scripts used to generate the figures in the main text and Supplementary Information, ensuring full reproducibility of the data visualizations. In addition to the climate model output, the Zenodo repository also contains results from the LOSCAR carbon cycle simulations. These include both initialization and scenario runs: the initialization files (LPIA_ini.inp, LPIA_ini.dat) represent a 2 Myr pre-run with no carbon emissions to establish a stable steady state under late Paleozoic boundary conditions; the scenario input (whole.inp) and output (whole.dat, directory whole_output/) contain the full transient carbon injection experiments used in this study. The provided input files allow users to modify boundary conditions, emission histories, and isotope values, while the output includes time series of atmospheric pCO2, ocean δ13C, and carbonate chemistry.