Dataset\_Arabian Seas Ecosystems Under Siege from Conflict-Driven Spills

The Arabian Seas, including the Arabian Sea, Red Sea, Arabian Gulf, Gulf of Aden and Gulf of Oman, hosts globally important, climate-resilient coral reefs, mangroves, seagrass beds and fisheries that underpin regional food and water security. This critical marine system is now exposed to a new and escalating driver of change: deliberate and collateral pollution from armed conflict. Since 2019, and with a sharp intensification since late 2023 and early 2026, repeated attacks on commercial shipping have released crude oil, diesel and chemical fertilizers into semi-enclosed and dynamically sensitive basins, creating transboundary contamination risks that differ fundamentally from accidental spills. This dataset contains the OpenDrift–OpenOil simulation outputs used to assess potential conflict-driven oil-spill exposure across the Arabian Seas, including the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Arabian Gulf, Gulf of Oman and Strait of Hormuz. Simulations were initialized from reported commercial-vessel attack locations between November 2020 and April 2026. For each incident, particles were released continuously over 72 h and tracked for 10 days using hourly ocean currents and atmospheric forcing. The archived outputs support the analysis of regional surface-exposure frequency, exposed area, shoreline arrival, coral exposure-duration hazard and the potential exposure of coastal desalination infrastructure.