Morphological Evolution of Hybrid Perovskite Films during crystallisation, annealing, and degradation.

Hybrid Perovskites have significant potential in a range of functional applications particularly photovoltaics. They suffer from instability, prone to degradation under extrinsic factors such as moisture and heat. Overcoming these issues will require optimisation of the processing route to reduce the presence of defects which promote degradation. An important aspect to be better understood is the morphology of the precursor and intermediate compounds that form during crystallisation. Grazing incidence small angle neutron scattering can be used to probe nanoscale surface and near surface structures, providing sensitivity to light elements such as C, N and H, present in these films without incurring beam damage. The characterisation achieved will help inform our understanding of crystallisation during processing and subsequent degradation.