Joint ozone pollution and climate warming reduce yield but enhance grain protein content in a resistant wheat variety

Ozone (O3) pollution and climate warming jointly threaten crop productivity and undermine global food security. However, their combined effects on wheat under real-world conditions are not well understood, limiting the potential for adaptation. Here, we investigated yield and grain protein of a main wheat variety under joint elevated O3 and warming manipulations in three years (2021-2023), using a real-world simulation with a free-air controlled enrichment (FACE) facility. We found that O3 pollution reduced grain yield mainly by limiting the carbon source by accelerating flag leaf senescence and declining leaf area index. Warming enhanced nitrogen uptake before heading, which mitigates leaf senescence and increases grain protein content. This main wheat variety shows less variability in responses to independently elevated O3 and warming than those varieties reported in previous literature. Cultivating this resistant wheat variety reduced yield losses by only 6% under O3 pollution and wa..., , # Data from: Joint ozone pollution and climate warming reduce yield but enhance grain protein content in a resistant wheat variety

Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.vt4b8gv49](10.5061/dryad.vt4b8gv49)

## Description of the data and file structure

This dataset consists of six files. \"Figure 1.xlsx\" and \"Figure 2 and 3.xlsx\" contain observational data on photosynthetic rate, leaf area index, yield and yield components, grain nitrogen content, and aboveground nitrogen accumulation. The experimental data are sourced from the years 2021 to 2023.

\"Fiugre_4.xlsx\", \"Figure_S11 and S12.xlsx\" and \"Figure_S13 and S14.xlsx\" are datasets from field experiments on elevated O3 or warming. These data are derived from published literature, and the list of references can be found in the main text, supplementry file and \"Full_citations_of_the_published_articles_used_in_Figure_4_and_S11-14.docx\" document.

### Files and variables

Note: Missing values are indicated by NA in data files.

#### File: Figure_1.x...,