Characteristics of study participants in the five Asian cohorts.

aData presented are means (standard deviation). AL, ocular axial length; SE, spherical equivalent. bThe education levels of the children in SOCRM was presented by the level of educational attainment of the father, as. cGWAS cohorts. SCES, Singapore Chinese Eye Study; SCORM, Singapore Cohort study of the Risk factors for Myopia; SiMES, Singapore Malay Eye Study. dFor the Japan dataset 1, high myopia, AL≥28 mm for both eyes; controls, general healthy population. eFor the Japan dataset 2, high myopia, SE≤−9.0 D for either eye; controls, SE≥−3.0 D for both eyes. fNA, data not available.