Timeseries of Daily Evapotranspiration (1 km) and Drought indices obtained from MODIS in the Iberian Peninsula

The dataset is a comprehensive multi-source database designed to support research and monitoring of evapotranspiration and drought dynamics in agricultural systems using remote sensing and reanalysis data. It integrates satellite observations, meteorological data, flux tower measurements, and field reports spanning from 2000 to 2022 throughout all the Iberian Peninsula. The satellite component is primarily based on MODIS Terra and Aqua platforms, including products such as Surface Reflectance (MOD09GA, MYD09GA), Land Surface Temperature (MOD11A1, MYD11A1), and Leaf Area Index/FPAR (MOD15A2H, MYD15A2H, MCD15A3H), all provided in GeoTIFF format with spatial resolutions between 500 m and 1 km and temporal resolutions from daily to 8-day intervals. Additional MODIS datasets include Land Cover (MCD12Q1) and Aerosol Optical Depth (MCD19A2). A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with 250 m resolution complements these layers. Meteorological variables are obtained from the ERA5 reanalysis (ECMWF), providing 3-hourly global data at ~27.8 km resolution. Ground validation is supported by FLUXNET2015 and Warm-Winter_2020 tower networks, with detailed energy flux and radiation measurements. Agricultural information comes from ESYRCE field reports, including crop type, yield, and irrigation status, as well as weather station precipitation data. The outputs include high-resolution (1 km) daily evapotranspiration maps and standardized drought indices (SPEI, SPET, SEDI) for 2003–2022, totaling over 1.6 TB of processed data — providing a robust foundation for understanding water stress and agricultural resilience under changing climate conditions.