Participant characteristics.

Hoarding disorder is characterised by both the distress associated with discarding and the resulting accumulation of possessions that clutter the home environment, and represents a substantial public health and social problem, requiring an effective multi-agency response. Although a recognised psychiatric condition since 2013, hoarding disorder is under-recognised within mental health treatment provision, and evidence-based treatment pathways are lacking. This study aimed to explore multi-agency working in practice and similarities and differences in how hoarding support is perceived across a broad range of front-line professionals. 35 semi-structured interviews representing a wide range of services from health, social care, housing, and the voluntary sector were conducted and analysed thematically. Three overarching themes are reported: Unique challenges of supporting people who hoard, Conflicting needs of client vs. needs of the organisation, Managing role boundaries and psychological tensions. Findings consistently highlight the challenges specific to these cases. However, they also point to a lack of consensus between professional groups in terms of perceived problems and risks to be addressed. Collaborating effectively with others to meet the psychological needs of clients while ensuring risk mitigation and addressing broader organisational, environmental, and community concerns was found to be a key challenge and associated with often going beyond designated role boundaries to support the person. Our findings point to a need for greater support and training of a diverse set of professionals in psychological models of people who hoard to enhance knowledge, awareness, and confidence of the psychological dimensions of hoarding disorder, and to support them in feeling more emotionally and practically prepared. The results indicate a need for greater integration of mental health measures in the assessment of hoarding cases, and to ensure adequate care pathways with dedicated psychological support along with assignment of case workers/coordination.